Brazil Macroeconomics Essay

The country of choice is Brazil for the following reasons: it is a booming economy, which provides some stark contrast with the stagnation and ever-mentioned phrase ‘double-dip recession’ which now commonly used in the West. Macroeconomics is concerned with the study of aggregate economy, which embodies all nationally relevant economic indicators. The common indicators are the unemployment rate, the rate of inflation, the GDP per capita, economic growth, the economic cycle, and the labor force. Since 2003, Brazil’s economy has been growing steadily. It has been improving its macroeconomic stability despite a small crisis in 2008 which saw its growth rate decline to 2.6%. In 2010 it grew by 7.6% amid renewed confidence from foreign investors. Part of the reason for this is the high interest rates which make it attractive to foreign investors. Note also that this was its highest growth in 25 years, whilst people especially given that many economies were struggling a t the same time. Furthermore, the continuing flows of investment into the manufacturing sector have provided greater backbone to the economy. Note that a commonly cited reason for the economic struggle of the UK for example is its everlasting trading deficit. It does not export enough, it does not manufacture enough. With natural resources such as tin, clay, uranium, platinum, petroleum, cocoa, gold, wood, and hydroelectric power (and much more), Brazil is generally recognized as one of the naturally richest countries on Earth in terms of quantity and probably the richest in terms of variety of resources. The subject being treated here is not a comparative analysis between Brazil, an emerging economy and the declining economies of the West. Comparative analysis will only be used briefly in order to further confirm the great performance of this economy since 2003. In the arena of macroeconomics, it is essential to look at things from a national and international standpoint and therefore the performance of one economy is not only relative to its past performance but also relative to other economies in the world. In the past decade Brazil’s Government has combined fiscal policy has been used at times to stave off excessive inflation and encourage consumption. The reason why this has worked out is that in the long-run, the country has consistently been creating jobs both in the manufacturing and the services sectors, which in unison with fiscal policy have helped keep a lid on inflation in the past ten years. This point of success will be analyzed inn depth given that this country was previously known to have huge inflationary problems prior to the last decade. http://www.bbc.co.uk http://www.indexmundi.com/brazil/economy_profile.html http://www.thomaswhite.com/explore-the-world/brazil.aspx

Style and Analysis Essay for Soldier

John Ruskin, an English critic of art and society, wrote a passage arguing that we should be giving precedence to the soldier rather than to the merchant or manufacturer. In today’s world many people debate about who deserves to be emphasized in society. Ruskin’s argument is invalid because of his use of generalization, false dilemma, pathos and charged language. He uses a black and white statement to show the difference between soldier and manufacturer and generalization to make it seem as though all soldiers participate for the same reason. The use of pathos and charged language really plays with the reader’s emotions.In Ruskin’s passage he argues that the soldier should be more respected and considered more important than a merchant or manufacturer. Ruskin, directing his passage to the general society, says a soldier would â€Å"put him in a fortress breach, with all the pleasures of the world behind him, and only death and his duty in front of him. â €  This statement, very generalized, uses the logical fallacy of generalization. In this statement John Ruskin describes all the soldiers together as one, instead of individually. Just because all soldiers participate in war, does not mean they all are in favor of death, or dying for their country.For example a man could have joined war and become a soldier because he didn’t have any skills or simply because he enjoys the act of killing, not because he wants to fight for his country. Ruskin, using pathos, says that soldiers give up â€Å"pleasures of the world† and put their â€Å"duty in front. † In this quote Ruskin uses charged words to emotionally involve you. Duty is a strong word that many of us take as another word for responsibility. In some perspectives duty is seen as a law; one must uphold a moral or legal obligation. Putting death before pleasure makes the reader feel obligated to respond with sympathy.Not only does John Ruskin play on our emotion s and guilt us into making soldiers seem more important, he makes a black and white statement about soldiers and merchants/manufacturers. John Ruskin makes a black and white statement by saying soldiers are different from merchants and manufactures because â€Å"men associated for purposes of violence and for purposes of manufacture; in that the former appear capable of self sacrifice. † John Ruskin says that the general public should perceive that merchants/manufacturers are nothing if they don’t have the willingness to sacrifice themselves as soldiers do. The eaders don’t realize that the soldiers would be nothing without the merchants and manufacturers. The soldiers are provided in war, weapons, materials and food†¦but by whom? The manufacturers sacrificed time, materials, and food to support the soldiers. Ruskin is very heavy in using pathos, and once again tries play with the reader’s emotions. Using very well wording to emphasize emotions and c hange our view and perspectives, Ruskin draws out pathos. In the first sentence Ruskin says â€Å"that the former appear capable of self sacrifice. † The word â€Å"capable† portrays as a very strong and demeaning word.It makes readers see the merchants and manufacturers as weak, pathetic and selfish to not have the courage to die for ones country. Ruskin uses pathos, making the readers feel not only guilty and sympathetic, but also proud that they have men willing to fight for their country. John Ruskin’s statement’s about soldiers deserving more precedence is invalid due to the use of logical fallacies. Generalizing people can turn out invalid because all people, whether they do the same things or not, have different interpretations of things. The motivations of the soldiers joining war are unknown and can vary depending on the person.Making a black and white statement can also turnout invalid because there may be shades of gray in between. The merchant s and manufacturers may seem small compared to the soldiers, but in actuality they are doing something just as important as the soldier. Ruskin’s argument is flawed with charged and specific selection of language that plays on the reader’s emotions, causing logic to be unsound. Ruskin’s use of language creates an impression of sympathy for the soldiers. In society, status will always be judged and argued by everyone through different understandings.

Causes of the Civil War

Causes of the Civil War Essay Rhys Arnott The American Civil War is one of the most significant and controversial periods in American history. The Civil War was caused by mounting conflicting pressures, principles, and prejudices, fueled by differences and pride, and set into motion by unlikely set of political events. At the root of all of the problems was the establishment of slavery, which had been introduced into North America in early colonial times. The American Revolution had been fought to confirm the idea that all men were created equal, yet slavery was legal in all of the thirteen colonies throughout the revolutionary period. Although it was largely gone from the northern states by 1787, it was still enshrined in the new Constitution of the United States, not only at the request of the Southern ones, but also with the approval of many of the Northern delegates who saw that there was still much money to be made in the slave trade by the Yankee shipping industry. Eventually its existence came to influence every aspect of American life. It seemed to Thomas Jefferson and many others that slavery was on its way out, doomed to die a natural death. It was becoming increasingly expensive to keep slaves in the south. Northern and Southern members of Congress voted together to abolish the importation of slaves from overseas in 1808, but the domestic slave trade continued to flourish. The invention of the cotton gin made the cultivation of cotton on large plantations using slave labor a profitable project in the deep South. The slave became an ever more important element of the southern economy, and so the debate about slavery, for the southerner, gradually evolved into an economically based question of money and power. It became an institution that southerners felt bound to protect. But even as the need to protect it grew, the ability to do this from the Souths perspective was diminishing. Southern leaders grew progressively more sensitive to this condition. In 1800 half of the population of the United States had lived in the South. But by 1850 only a third lived there and the gap continued to widen. Even though slave states were added to the Union to balance the number of free ones, the South found that its representatives in the House had been overwhelmed by the Norths explosive growth. More and more emphasis was now placed on maintaining equality in the Senate. Failing this meant that the South would find itself at the mercy of a government, in which it no longer had an effective voice in. Of course there was protest in the North for the abolition of the slavery on purely moral grounds. Abolitionist leader William Lloyd Garrison, holding up a copy of the Federal Constitution before a crowd in Massachusetts called it a covenant with death, and an agreement wit h hell. The abolitionists believed not only that slavery was wrong, but that the Federal government should move to abolish it. Although they were always a small minority they were very vocal about their beliefs, and projected themselves into the minds of southerners as a threat out of all proportion to their actual power and influence. This threat was greatly exaggerated in 1859 by John Browns seizure of the Harpers Ferry arsenal and his call for a general rebellion of the slaves. This caused many of the Southern states to implement plans for more effective militias for internal defense. While some in the North hated slavery because they felt that it was wrong, most people held no opinion of it at all, and some even condoned it because abolishing it would be bad for business. Without slaves there would be no cotton. Without cotton the fabric industry would suffer. To many it was just that simple. READ: Adult PTSD EssaySoon after this a new Republican Party injected its nominee, Abraham Lincoln. He was convinced that the Constitution forbade the Federal government from taking action against slavery where it already existed, but was determined to keep it from spreading further. South Carolina, in a fit of stubborn pride, announced that it would secede from the Union if Lincoln were elected. To everyones amazement Lincoln was victorious. He had gathered a mere 40% of the popular vote, and carried not a single slave state. South Carolina, true to its word, seceded on December 20, 1860. Mississippi left on January 9, 1861, and Florida on the 10th. Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas followed. Lincolns inaugural address was at once firm and peace-making. Unwilling to strike the initial blow to compel the southern states back into the Union, he decided to bide his time. When a Federal ship carrying supplies was dispatched to reposition Fort Sumter, in Charleston Harbor, the secessionist hand was forced. To forestall the re-supply of the fort the Rebel batteries ringing it opened fire at 4:30 a.m. on the 12th of April, 1861, forcing its rapid admission of defeat. President Lincoln immediately called upon the states to supply 75,000 troops to serve for ninety days against combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings. Virginia, Arkansas, and Tennessee promptly seceded. The war was on and there was no turning back. Ironically, the combination of political events, southern pride, and determination succeeded in paving the way to the elimination of slavery. Bibliography Web sites www.swcivilwar.comwww.cwc.lsu.edu/cwc/civlink.htmwww.civilwarhome.com/potpourr.htmBooksWords/ Pages : 913 / 24

A Critical Discussion about British Airways and Its Entry into Central Essay

A Critical Discussion about British Airways and Its Entry into Central and Eastern European markets - Essay Example To evaluate and analyze the aviation market of Eastern Europe and its feasibility to launch the British Airways, a blend of primary and secondary research has been conducted with a mix of quantitative and qualitative approach. The analysis of the research clearly showed that people are reluctant to choose British Airways because of high prices as there are other better and cheaper alternatives available. This paper further presents conclusion, recommendations and SWOT analysis of British Airways in order to provide a comprehensive insight. Table of Contents Aims & Objectives 6 Airline industry existence is crucial for the worldwide transportation system. These services are available nowadays for both passengers and cargo as well. Some top most airlines of the world are named as: Finnair, Delta Air Lines, American Airlines, Air France, Emirates, British Airways, Swiss International Airlines, and Lufthansa etc. And few amongst these airlines are also providing the cargo services (air f reight & logistic services) at the same time. This feature is making them prominent in terms of their existence and size also whenever you will go to measure their dominance anyway for example Lufthansa airline is serving as passengers and cargo airline (Behrman, 1972). ... According to a research these top ranked airlines are carried around 10 million travelers, annually. Top on the list are as mentioned below: 8 1.Delta Air Lines 8 2.Southwest Airlines 8 3.American Airlines 8 Financial Performance Chart of British Airways 38 Years 38 Traveler Flown 38 Net profit/loss 38 Basic earnings per share 38 2010 38 31,825,000 38 425 38 38.5 38 2008 38 34,613,000 38 696 38 59.0 38 2006 38 32,432,000 38 464 38 40.4 38 2005 38 35,717,000 38 392 38 35.2 38 2003 38 38,019,000 38 72 38 6.7 38 2002 38 40,004,000 38 142 38 13.2 38 Chapter 1: Introduction Background: In today’s world, when a vast throng of airlines has emerged, competition amongst them has increased simultaneously. Whether these airlines are small and private ones, operating locally or otherwise internationally but in limited areas, or whether they are well established and monopolizing ones, travelers today nonetheless are provided with a vast variety of options when it comes to commuting via air . Such has been the effect of modernization, globalization, commercialization and varied lifestyles demanding increased commuting options combined; people are thus benefiting vastly from the increased options being offered to them, allowing them to make rational choices based on luxury, comfort, convenience and affordability (Dunning, 1993). An airline that has proven its class and has earned a very reputable name for itself over the past few decades is the flagship airline of England, namely British Airways. With its main operating centre being the London Heathrow Airport, British Airways has now a tremendous customer base and following, who chose the airline regardless of how well the route suits them and how economical it is. The primary reason for this is that the airlines has managed

INTERNATIONAL LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

INTERNATIONAL LAW - Essay Example World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement of Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM) is a practical example of hard instrument model of international laws directed at regulation of subsides. A subsidy has been defined concretely to include financial support as well as price support extended by a government that creates an advantageous situation for certain industries. Alturai and Benares are neighbouring countries and currently both hold membership in World Trade Organisation. Alturai is facing recession in its steel industry so consequently, the government has formulated new economic policies. For instance, the government has extended and assured constant supply of iron that is the primary raw material for manufacturing steel. The stable and consistent supply of raw material will enable the steel industry to boost production. Additionally, the implementation of price ceiling is a significant incentive as suppliers will be able to reap the maximum possible profits. The element of increased profit will induce new suppliers to join the industry, prevent the steel industry from crashing, and ensue in more employment opportunities. The policies will also accelerate exports as the government has sanctioned to give credit equivalent to payment of custom duty for exports of steel. Lastly, the government being well aware of the need for innovation and cost competitiveness in the globalized market, has granted monetary assistance equivalent to 1% of sales value to be invested in research and development. Investment in research and development is imperative to ensure survival in today’s volatile, consumer oriented and globalised markets. Firms no longer have to only deal with domestic competition but also take on international competitors. Therefore, it is integral to explore technological opportunities. Foreign exchange earnings from exports are one of the fundamental macro-economic aims of a country. Hence, escalating exportation is not only fruitful for dom estic industry but for foreign exchange reserves as well. According to WTO SCM agreement, a subsidy encompasses three basic elements: a monetary contribution, by a government or public organization and provides a benefit. All of the stated criteria must be met for any financial contribution to be deemed as subsidy (International Trade Centre, 2009 b). Although various kinds of government incentives that do not actually involve financial contributions being made, however these can be thought as subsidies as they undermine competition. The US-Softwood Lumber IV case clearly states in its judgement that subsidies can be direct as well as passed indirectly in order to benefit certain parties. However, the SCM agreement demands that a financial contribution is a prerequisite for subsidy such as grants, loans, guarantees, fiscal incentives. Secondly, the contribution has to be made by or at the order of the government or a public entity within the country. Obviously, a subsidy must prove beneficial for the interest of the recipient; sometimes the benefit is easily identifiable whereas in other instances, it can be complicated (Macrory, Appleton, & Plummer, 2005). The EC-DRAMs Chips case is a clear reminder that a subsidy passed to only 6 out of 200 firms is enough to be labelled as a subsidy established under specificity. Article 1 of ASCM lays down the definition of a subsidy, clause1.1 states (WTO, 1995): â€Å"

Principle of consideration Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Principle of consideration - Article Example But why it is too simplistic to assume if there is consideration present a promise is enforceable by examining different facets of consideration within the above context. Sir Frederick Pollock defined consideration as 'An act or forbearance of one party, or the promise thereof, is the price for which the promise of the other is bought, and the promise thus given for value is enforceable."1 This definition was rightly adopted by Lord Dunedin in Dunlop v Selfridge Ltd (1915) 2 Dunlop had sold tyres to Dew Ltd on condition that their (latter's) agents should not sell below the listed price of Dunlop. But Selfridge Ltd who had purchased tyres from Dew Ltd sold below the listed price. In this case of suing of Selfridge by Dunlop decided by House Lords in appeal, it was held that privity of contract was essential. And what determined privity in this case was consideration. As there was no consideration moved between the said parties, there was no contract between them and therefore Selfridge was not liable to Dunlop Even earlier to Dunlop case, principle of consideration was established in Currie v Misa (1875)3 wherein Misa issued cheque to Lizardi or bearer. As the cheque was dishonoured, the bearer Currie brought action on Lisa. It was held the bearer Currie even as a holder for value is not entitled to sue Misa as there was no consideration between them. The following are the rules of consideration. a) Consideration must be present in a promise and must have moved from the the promisee. In Tweedle v Atkinson (1861)4, it was held that the person entitled to sue is he who gives consideration. It follows also that gift is not a contract. b) Consideration must have some value. Hence natural love and affection or performance of a moral duty will not be used to enforce a promise. This was decided in White v Bluett(1853)5 wherein it was held that a son's promise not to complain to his father as to how his properties are distributed among his children in return for the father's promise not sue his son for the debts owed to him, can not be good consideration. "Judge Pollock held that the son had not provided good consideration as he had no legal right to complain. Thus, in promising not to complain, the son did not forbear or give up anything of value in exchange for his father's promise." (Barbara Lisa)6 c) Consideration need not be adequate. In Chappel and Co v Nestle7, it was decided that consideration of 1s 6 d with three wrappers of chocolates Nestle had offered was a sufficient consideration for the gramophone records offered in return. d) Consideration may be executory or executed but past consideration can not enforce a promise. A consideration already provided before promise was made is past consideration

The Old Kingdom in Kemetic (Egyptian) History Essay

The Old Kingdom in Kemetic (Egyptian) History - Essay Example Afterwards, the name Misri replaced the name Kemet and the name continues to be in use by the Egyptians until today. The word Misri simply means a country. From then, Egypt prospered for many years as an autonomous country with a culture that is very famous for the great cultural developments in each and every section of human acquaintance right from arts, science, technology and even religion. The great monuments that still Egyptians celebrate influenced numerous early civilizations with a good example being both Greece and Rome (Mark 1). The Sahara desert, which is found in the Northern part of Africa nearly dividing the continent into two, is a good proof of overgrazing of cattle in the area. The Sahara desert, together with the discovery of many artifacts is a good evidence of the ancient agricultural civilization in the area at the time. Well organized agricultural activities both animal keeping and crop growing began in the area around 5000 BCE and the Badari community began to advance along the river Nile. The Amratian, Gerzean and Naqada communities later on joined the Badar and all together contributed to the development of the Egypt early civilization. At some time between 5000 BCE and 3200 BCE the written background of the land began with the development of Hieroglyphic characters by the culture of Naqada. The practice of mummifying the dead body was in place in the city of Hierakonpolis by 3500 BCE. Just like in all other cultures in the history of the world, the diminutive agrarian societies in ancient Eg ypt advanced into big urban areas (Mark 1). The unification of the Northern and the Southern kingdoms by Pharaoh Manes is the common event that took place between 3150 and 2686 BCE. Menes, who originated from the North successfully conquered south and joined it to the North to make one larger kingdom. This account came from Manetho who either lived

The Design of Health and Safety Control Systems Assignment - 2

The Design of Health and Safety Control Systems - Assignment Example The cattle which graze on the field that houses the subterranean chamber. Any passersby on the main road which is lesser than mile away from the location. HAZARDS Toxic sealant paint highly inflammable and heavier than air (not easy to get disposed off). Thus being hazardous in the following manner: The breaking out of a fire is possible if remnants of the sealant remain within the subterranean chamber. Since the sealant sprayed is toxic its remnants may harm the grass and other crops in the farmer’s field. The health of the cattle and the farmer is at risk. Risk of intoxication of the personnel assigned to spray the sealant. Pedestrian passersby on the main road may get intoxicated. WHAT THE LAW SAYS: The following regulations cover different aspects of the operation 1 discussed above. The regulations are stated below: Safe working in confined spaces According to the confined spaces regulation 1997, regulation 1(1) a sewer is considered as â€Å"confined space†. Accord ing to the confined spaces regulation 1997 regulation 1(9) flammable substances, toxic gas and flammable substances are declared to as HAZARDS. Regulation 3 is about duties under the regulations. ACOP 22(a) Risk assessment must be done. Regulation 4 is regarding working in confined spaces. ... ACOP Communications (39) An adequate communication system will be needed and should enable communication: (a) between those inside the confined space; (b) between those inside the confined space and those outside; and (c) to summon help in case of emergency ACOP (47) Gas purging through inert gas to for flammable or toxic gases. ACOP (51) Mechanical Ventilation for flammable or toxic gases Regulation 1997 Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 Regulation 3 Risk assessment Every employer shall make a suitable and sufficient assessment of – (a) the risks to the health and safety of his employees to which they are exposed whilst they are at work; and (b) the risks to the health and safety of persons not in his employment arising out of or in connection with the conduct by him of his undertaking, for the purpose of identifying the measures he needs to take to comply with the requirements and prohibitions imposed upon him by or under the relevant statutory provisi ons Management Regulation 3 ACOP 22(a) Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 11 The Act places a duty on all employers and the self-employed to take reasonably practicable steps to ensure the health and safety of people who are not in their employment, such as members of the public. 12 The Act also places a duty on employees to co-operate with their employer on health and safety matters and not to do anything which puts others at risk. OPERATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS The operational recommendations are as follows: Risk assessment of the sewer should be done in compliance with the Health, Safety and Security standards. The farmer should be informed well in time before the

E-Commerce Legal Policies & Procedures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

E-Commerce Legal Policies & Procedures - Essay Example The main purpose of setting up policies and standards on Dream Decor’s e commerce website is to help ensure activities carried out within the site are secure. In addition, these regulations seek to assure the general public that the organisation works within set guideline and that all controlled transactions represent Dream Decor’s appropriately. Finally, these policies are set within agreed, and international standards therefore are applicable to the entire staff of Dream Decor, and its affiliated partners including vendors and third party distributers (Awad, 2005). Standards 1. Prior to the commencement of any commercial activity or work on Decors website, the entire commerce initiative must be presented to a review committee. This committee will ensure the compliance of the website to a standard level of security and other related IT and internet use standards (Goldstein 2000). 2. Dream Decor’s information security officer and business directors will be in cha rge of credit card security, the setting up an enforcing of security policies, ensuring the website adheres to national and international standards, and monitoring system access. ... information of clients and all transaction records should be stored for no more than seven years, and upon disposal proper procedures must be followed to ensure integrity is upheld. Records containing personal information must be properly secured, and strict access be maintained at all times. Proper, up to date and regular inventory records must be kept of all transactions and credit card information so as to facilitate quick identification of theft of malpractice. 4. Dream Decor’s staff should regularly undergo or participate in PCI risk assessment and training (Awad, 2005). 5. In the event of a security breach or the discovery of malpractice on the side of Dream Decor and its staff the following steps shall be taken: All affected card information be contained and management to be informed. Affected system is not to be accessed until it has been assessed by a forensic team E-commerce Sample policy and procedure Our commercial site realises the importance of maintain the integ rity of members personal information, and ensuring the privacy that comes along with financial matters. It is our aim to maintain the highest standards, and protect member information by all means possible (Goldstein 2000). Collected information In order to provide our clientele with quality and reliable service, the website automatically collects personal information from members and regular visitors. This information is then used to respond to, and fulfil service demands by the client. For reference purposes, this information is also temporarily stored by our servers. The information collected and stored is vital to our service delivery and system performance as such is of high importance. However, No information that personally identifies individuals or singles out our members is collected.

Urban Consolidation and Environmental Sustainability Essay Example for Free

Urban Consolidation and Environmental Sustainability Essay Urban consolidation is a rising issue in amny capital cities and could have a dramatic effect on the environmental sustainability of Australian cities in the near and distant future. â€Å"Urban consolidation policies concentrate on increasing housing densities in the large cities to produce more compact development, shorter travel distances and less dependence on automobiles. † (Forster 2004, p. 171). Some of the main negative issues that is caused by urban consolidation are a drop in value of pre-existing suburban housing, an overload of public resources in over-crowded cities and traffic and transport inconviences. There are many benefits to urban consolidation which involve lower short term envirnomental impacts and high levels of convience, but at the same time there are many disadvantages which are discussed in this essay. The policies of urban consolidation are surrounded by the idea of building large cities upwards, rather than outwards. This means that they are focussing on constructing multi-story facilities close to the centre of the cities. â€Å"more compact development would reduce the rate at which urban expansions consumes good agricultral land and threatens sensitive natural environments† (Forster 2004, p. 71). Existing housing urban housing and facilities must be demolished to make way for new high rise structures. This indicates that for many australians who have worked hard to buy/own their own home in the inner suberbs of major cities, it will be a struggle for them, due to the fact that their house/dwelling or property will decrease in value. As the population increases, the total of vehicles increases aswell. â€Å"In 1945 there were 100 cars per 1000 people, by 1970 there were almost 500 cars per 1000 people†(Forster 2004, p. 17), this will cause traffic congestion within the cities. As a result of traffic congestion, pollution levels will increase. This will negatively affect peoples health and well being. Along with the inconviences of urban consolidation on the everyday lifestyle, health issues can also be inflated. Childhood obesity is more likely to occur in children that were raised in areas of urban consolidation rather than a child raised in a suburban area, â€Å"urban sprawl communities separate people’s homes from stores, offices, services and restaurants. This makes it nearly impossible for people to carry out their errands, sporting activities or go to work without using their car†(Lopez 2004). This is largly due to the fact that children raised in urban consolidation generally have little access to large parks and playgrounds and would have to go out of their way to be highly active on a regular basis, where as children in suburban areas have access to these large parks and outdoor play areas. There can be many negatives with living in an urban consolidated area which can be an overcrowding in kindergarden and schools, lengthy waiting lists to seek medical attention and a possible need to travel further distances to get to bigger and better-equipped shopping districts. These needs negate the value of urban consolidation in that if many people will still be required to travel moderate or lengthy distances to access facilities then they would be better off to live further into the suberbs where the shops/facilities are well equipped. In conclusion, the policies of urban consolidation would be highly beneficial and have great outcomes in all major Australian cities if the preceding measures were taken care of prior or at the same time to taking action against urban sprawl. Although there are some positives to urban consolidation, such as lower automobile dependance and increased convinience, the many negatives outweigh them. In the long term the policies of urban consolidation may benefit some major cities in australia, but given the current situation in which many cities are not developing at the same rate as urban consolidation is affecting them, it stands that urban consolidation is not the answer to environmental sustainability for Australian cities.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Studying In University English Language Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Studying In University English Language Essay Students choosing studying master degree in a University have a number of advantages, at same time they will meet some problems. This essay will around four questions and talk about my study life in Bangor University, through these four questions it will analysis the characteristic of my motivation, learning approaches. To find out what kind of problems will I meet in the group works and what should be avoid meeting these problems, and how to deal with them. First, this essay will analysis the motivations of choosing the master degree in Bangor University and it will combine the point of views of motivations to study from other researchers. Second, it will discuss the learning approach which I used to study. Third, this essay will summarize some problems or issues which we will meet in our group work. Finally, I will find out the effective method to deal with these problems and discuss how to avoid or decrease them as much as possible. Motivated to study in Bangor University In our normal life, study is not only for find a good job, but also have a numbers of reasons, that is study motivation. Generally, motivation can drive students get more power to do the action in order to close their goals, therefore, motivation as a peoples behavior existed in our life. I choose study Master Degree in Bangor University that because I feel Bangor University will bring me the information which I need and want to know, for example, the motivation to study in Bangor University can promote me to continue my academic learning everyday and it can make me to prepare my exam regularly in order to pass my examination successful, that bring me nearer to my final target. Figure 1 Through this figure (1), it is shows three steps for Maslows hierarchy pyramid according to these steps I will analysis form the basic needs to self-fulfillment needs. First step is basic need, it is include safety needs ¼Ã‹â€ security, safety ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °and physiological needs(food, water, warmth, rest) these two sections all contained people lowest level of demand, that mean the first thing people need in their life it is only the material demand. Second step is psychological needs. this part is more high-ranking than basic need. That includes esteem needs (prestige and feeling of accomplishment) that contains some mental and immaterial demand from external power. Third step is self-fulfillment (achieving ones full potential including creative activities) and esteem needs (prestige and feeling of accomplishment) that is the highest level, it all about the self-enhancement. As far as I am concerned, for the first step, I realized the environment of Bangor University satisfied my anticipation; here is suit for students to study. It is satisfied my material demand and Bangor is the most safety city in UK. For the second step, knowing new friends and having group work with other countries student satisfied my belongingness and love needs, during studying time, my classmate may friendly and respect you, it can lead you have a sense of self-worth. The last step was based on the front two steps in order to create personal study motivation. That can make you have more power to study in Bangor University. As Sergi(2004) supported that people choose a particular action and continued with it at last, they will try their best to do it ,that is motivation behavior. Bangor University possesses a long history and it was a part of second biggest federal University of Wales. Now, Bangor University has 10000 students and 2000 staffs. It has the top teaching quality and learning environment. Therefore, study master degree in Bangor University satisfied all conditions of my ideal studying places. Faye (2008) claimed that through the three basic psychological required (particular goals, values, and behaviors), study environment issues could influences the integration and organization of students. Martin (2008) also pointed out ambient environment effects may affect students academic achievement, a numbers of factors impacted their motivation to study, that include nature of University education background, he also claimed that the culture and structure also can influences students motivation. That means University life is a platform for student stepping into society, students need to make a decision in their different life contributions. For instances, in my experiences, I was study in Glasgow which is a florescent and fashion metropolis, there are filled with several intense emotions and temptations, plenty of students towards thus enticement, they are hardly to control themselves to doing well in University. Therefore, I choose continue my master degree in Bangor University, the reason is the learning environment is suit for study and this city do not have such complicated society background. It is benefit to have academic research. Owing to English is not my native language; therefore, foreign language learning is the second biggest motivation for me to study in Bangor University. This University has a number of foreigner students, everybody using English as first language here, improve my English skills will achieve my personal target therefore, it can improve my self-actualization. Therefore, study motivation is a step from basic motivation to top motivation. That depend on the choices from students, different people have different motivation to study. However, in a world, all motivations are connected students personality and expectation. Learning approaches Approaches to learning are separated into three different parts; they are deep, surface, and strategic learning approach. The characteristic of deep approach learning is focus on the material that will cost long time to take a broad view and relate ideas; they always relate new ideas to previous knowledge and tend to read, always study beyond the course requirements. The characteristic of surface approach learning is try to learn in order to repeat they have learned, make use of rote learning, focus on the few view and collect the main points, tend to stick closely to the course requirements. The characteristic of strategic approach to learning is intended to obtain high grades, always use previous exam paper to predict questions. Marton(1997) demonstrated normally students have two definitely different approaches to learning, they are surface and deep approach.